Consumer Rights
Plain-English consumer rights guides with practical context and links to supporting sources.
Animal Welfare Institute v. Martin: Bear Trapping, Wildlife Management, and Federal Courts
Animal Welfare Institute v. Martin shows how animal protection groups, state wildlife agencies, and federal courts fight over risk before harm is fully visible.
Ashcroft v. Iqbal: Plausibility, Civil Rights, and the Courthouse Door
Ashcroft v. Iqbal extended plausibility pleading and remains controversial because it can stop civil-rights claims before discovery.
Local Loan v. Hunt: The Fresh Start Principle in Bankruptcy
Local Loan v. Hunt explains why bankruptcy discharge is meant to give honest debtors a real fresh start, not just a paper judgment.
United Student Aid Funds v. Espinosa: Student Loans, Bankruptcy, and Final Orders
Espinosa shows how bankruptcy plan confirmation, student loans, and due process can collide when an order becomes final.
Marrama v. Citizens Bank: When Bad Faith Can Block Bankruptcy Conversion
Marrama v. Citizens Bank asks whether a debtor's right to convert a bankruptcy case can be limited by bad-faith conduct.
Heart of Atlanta Motel: Civil Rights, Commerce, and Public Accommodations
Heart of Atlanta Motel upheld federal civil-rights enforcement against hotels serving interstate travelers.
Ohio v. EPA: Emergency Stays and the Cost of an Agency Record
Ohio v. EPA shows how emergency relief, administrative records, and environmental regulation can collide at the Supreme Court.
AMG Capital v. FTC: What Happens When Consumer Protection Lacks a Money Remedy?
AMG Capital limited the FTC's ability to get restitution under Section 13(b), sparking debate over text, consumer redress, and agency power.
Axon v. FTC: Can You Challenge an Agency Before the Agency Finishes With You?
Axon v. FTC asks when businesses and individuals can go straight to federal court with structural constitutional challenges to agency proceedings.
Penn Central: When Regulation Goes Too Far
Penn Central created the central framework for regulatory takings, balancing property rights against public land-use regulation.
AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion: When Arbitration Blocks Class Actions
AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion is a major arbitration case on class-action waivers, consumer contracts, and federal preemption.
Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum: Can U.S. Courts Hear Global Human Rights Claims?
Kiobel limited Alien Tort Statute suits involving foreign conduct and raised hard questions about human rights litigation in U.S. courts.